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CHAPTER 7 • 8 MARKS

Inorganic Chemistry in Laboratory and Industry

Learn preparation, properties, tests and industrial uses of important inorganic gases, acids, bases and salts.

Topics in this chapter

  1. Laboratory preparation and tests of gases
  2. Hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid
  3. Ammonia and ammonium salts
  4. Hydrogen sulphide and sulphides
  5. Sulphur dioxide and sulphuric acid
  6. Nitric acid
  7. Common industrial chemicals
  8. Safety in chemical laboratories

Key learning points

✓ Gas identification depends on characteristic chemical tests.

✓ Industrial processes balance yield, rate, cost and safety.

✓ Concentrated acids must be handled with proper protective measures.

✓ Catalysts improve reaction rate without being consumed overall.

Important equations and relations

NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂ → CaCl₂ + 2NH₃ + 2H₂ONaCl + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HCl2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O

Multiple-choice questions

1. Ammonia turns moist red litmus:
  1. Blue
  2. Green
  3. Colourless
  4. Yellow

Answer: A — Blue

2. The catalyst used in the Contact process is commonly:
  1. Iron
  2. Vanadium(V) oxide
  3. Nickel
  4. Copper

Answer: B — Vanadium(V) oxide

3. Hydrogen sulphide has the smell of:
  1. Rose
  2. Rotten eggs
  3. Chlorine
  4. Vinegar

Answer: B — Rotten eggs

Very short-answer questions

  1. State one test for ammonia gas.
  2. Name the catalyst used in the Contact process.
  3. Why are gas preparations often carried out in a fume hood?

Short-answer questions

  1. Describe laboratory preparation and identification of ammonia.
  2. Outline the major steps of the Contact process.

Long-answer question

  1. Discuss preparation, important properties, tests and uses of any two industrially important inorganic compounds.